Train Collide At Black Forest In Adelaide â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Train Collide At Black Forest In Adelaide? Answer: Introducation In, Australia there has been many cases of train crash, which is mainly occurring because of train collision on the same tract, due to technical faults trains are getting distracted, obstructions in the tract or due to landslides. Rail Industry safety and Standard board in Australia is found developing its dense model of safety risk so that they can meet the needs of this industry. However, train collisions mainly take place due to safety breaches by the drivers. Here, safety breach is mainly the violation or break of the safety rules or regulations. Therefore, in this essay the discussion is done based on a particular train crash in Australia that has taken place due to safety breaches and what policies and practices the government came up with after this incident. The chosen rail crash is the Car and train collides which took place at Black Forest in Adelaide on 6 September 2017. This train crash took place at around 3.30pm on 6 September, Wednesday at the Emerson Railway crossing. The accident took place because a car got fixed under the boom gates in a busy intersection. However, the accident took place when a woman who was driving a Mercedes actually was stuck in a boom gate at the busy intersection. She was so scared watching the train heading towards her that she started panicking. Thus, she persisted moving forward through the rail crossing when the train hit the car. Sources have stated that the train was heard sounding its horn several times before it strike its brakes and banging into the car. This woman was taken to the hospital with serious injury to her abdominal area (Read, Salmon Lenn, 2013). It is very clear that safety breaches are the real reason contributing to this train crash. Firstly, the safety violation occurred when the car driver did not pay any attention to the flashing red light at the level crossing. If she would have paid the attention then definitely before getting stucked she would have known that train is approaching. The train driver has been found giving horn several of the time but until then the situation was out of control (Naweed, 2013). This proves that the Mercedes driver was not paying full attention while driving and crossing the busy intersection. Lastly, the car driver should not have continued to go forward through the railway crossing rather she should have immediately drive the car back, off the track or she should have get out of the car other than panicking. However, here the train driver strikes its brake but it is not possible for him to stop the train and so it banged the car. It has been reported that the boom gate was inspected just an hour before the accident took place. This proves that no one must risk and try to push their luck in these busy crossings (Young et al., 2015). It is always important to be extra conscious when heading towards the railway crossing and the drivers should have a habit of stopping; viewing and listening to any kind of signals by the train and so full control of the drivers are very much needed (Schmig Metz, 2013). Thus, the Australian government has been very conscious about the safety measures related to railway accidents. The rail safety law was the first to be enacted in the South Australia and each of its states and territories has moved a law defining that the Rail Safety national law is the safety law of that particular state which is south Australian. It however, initiates the ONRSR as a body who is responsible for the safety regulation of railways in that particular state or the territory (King, 2016). However, after these accidents the government has increased the penalties as well as the consciousness of the running railway crossing. The government is expending about $1 million dollar to establish boom gates at the busy junctions of the level crossings. Australian government thinks that boom gates are the best option for any busy level crossing (Dobson, 2016). Railway accidents at the level crossings in Australia are an important cause of worry for the both the authorities of rail and road. However, due to governmental safety policies and regulations recently railway crashes as fallen (Rudin-Brown et al., 2012). However, with the present improvement in railways safety at the level crossing in Australia has become the urgent priority for this area. The biggest drawback however is that there has been sizeable recognition concerning the significance of the human factor nearing to the safety of level crossing. There have been little or no attempts made by the authorities to scientifically advance and measure the success of the road safety educational involvements. Thus, there is still an important need for the progressing road safety educational involvements to enhance present risk management output at the railway level crossings (Salmon et al., 2017). There are still many requirements for improving the safety as the rail safety experts suggests. However, there has been installation of boom gates at each level crossing and the government is still working to upgrade level crossings all over Australia. Apart from focusing only in the level crossings, Australian government has updated the warning signals, which are now automated (Evans, 2013). Along with the railway safety measures, the Australian government has also reduced the speed limits at the level crossing. Lastly, it had increased the penalties and punishments for those who will be caught for violating safety measures. As these policies and regulations have been started to be implemented thus it is seen that there has been less number of accidents as compared to the previous years (Tombs Whyte, 2013). To conclude this report, it can be said that due to the increasing train crashes in Australia recently their government became conscious and have started taking measures. The Car and train collision that took place at Black Forest in Adelaide on 6 September 2017 at Emerson Railway crossing where the car driver was stuck in the boom gates. It was clear that safety breaches contributed for this accident. The car driver was inattentive and so she was unable to perceive the flashing red light. Thus, after this the government became stricter with the safety rules at the boom gates, raising the penalties and punishments for violating those rules. References Dobson, L. (2016). Dumper derailment investigation and development of custom check rail. Evans, A. W. (2013). The economics of railway safety.Research in transportation economics,43(1), 137-147. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/S0739885912002077 King, M. A. (2016). Differential safety liability of road and rail. Naweed, A. (2013). Psychological factors for driver distraction and inattention in the Australian and New Zealand rail industry.Accident Analysis Prevention,60, 193-204.Doi:https://dx.doi.org/S0001457513003485 Read, G. J., Salmon, P. M., Lenn, M. G. (2013). Sounding the warning bells: The need for a systems approach to understanding behaviour at rail level crossings.Applied ergonomics,44(5), 764-774.Doi: https://dx.doi.org/S0003687013000203 Rudin-Brown, C. M., Lenn, M. G., Edquist, J., Navarro, J. (2012). Effectiveness of traffic light vs. boom barrier controls at roadrail level crossings: A simulator study.Accident Analysis Prevention,45, 187-194. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/S0001457511001850 Salmon, P. M., McClure, R., Stanton, N. A. (2012). Road transport in drift? Applying contemporary systems thinking to road safety.Safety science,50(9), 1829-1838. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/S0925753512000987 Salmon, P. M., Walker, G. H., M. Read, G. J., Goode, N., Stanton, N. A. (2017). Fitting methods to paradigms: are ergonomics methods fit for systems thinking?.Ergonomics,60(2), 194-205. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/abs/10.1080/00140139.2015.1103385 Schmig, N., Metz, B. (2013). Three levels of situation awareness in driving with secondary tasks.Safety science,56, 44-51. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/S092575351200166X Tombs, S., Whyte, D. (2013). Transcending the deregulation debate? Regulation, risk, and the enforcement of health and safety law in the UK.Regulation Governance,7(1), 61-79. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5991.2012.01164.x/full Young, K. L., Lenn, M. G., Beanland, V., Salmon, P. M., Stanton, N. A. (2015). Where do novice and experienced drivers direct their attention on approach to urban rail level crossings?.Accident Analysis Prevention,77, 1-11. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/S0001457515000

Turabian Style Essay Sample - Uses a Proven System

Turabian Style Essay Sample - Uses a Proven SystemTurabian style essay sample works well when you need an interesting or entertaining story or example of writing to use in your next essay. It is especially helpful if you have a not very formal background, or if you are writing for an audience that is not necessarily familiar with the way you present information. And, because it is so easy to adapt, you can even use it as a base for additional essays!For instance, let's say you want to introduce yourself or your firm, or use some research that has a solid academic background to back it up. Or maybe you want to write about a new product, or some interesting ideas for marketing. To get started, you would want to find a page that really appeals to you and that you can then expand upon from there.Once you find a Turabian style essay sample, just keep adding content to it as you go along. Keep the style of the whole piece, but make sure that there is enough variation in the language to giv e you a lot of options. For example, you could have the same kinds of sentences and words used throughout the piece, but try to vary the length of sentences and the phrases you use a little bit more often than normal.You might choose to keep the style pretty similar, but choose a different ending. A lot of writers today don't want to end their writing on a good note, so they tend to go out with a bang and end it abruptly, something like 'the past and present intertwined together.' Or, if you're going to use a certain theme throughout, choose a different opening for each section.When you're done with your Turabian style essay sample, you'll find yourself with a bunch of essays that you can easily adapt for another lesson, or for an entire class project. Keep in mind, however, that this style is for actual, classroom students. It can be pretty difficult to utilize and a little bit unorthodox to work with, but it is effective and fun!If you're looking for an online version of your essa y sample, or other teaching tools, you'll find that there are many choices to choose from. In fact, one of the most popular websites is using online essays as a method of teaching history, making them really popular among teachers.So, take a look at the online essays for free on the website. Pick out a few that you like, and continue to use the Turabian style essay sample in other lessons!

Macbeth Essays (1006 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Still it cried, Sleep no more! to all the house. Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor Shall sleep no more; Macbeth shall sleep no more. (II, ii, 50-52) Sleep is one of the most powerful and most used words in the play Macbeth. Its use and implications span between both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Through sleep you can see the changes that go on between the two aforementioned characters. Sleep in the play is used as a way to show how the characters evolve and transform into that which is most feared by those characters. Before the witches prophesize to Macbeth they vow to whip up a storm and destroy the ship of a sailor. Interestingly the witches do not say that they want to murder the sailor. Instead, they plan to destroy his sleep: I'll drain him dry as hay; Sleep shall neither night nor day Hang upon his pent-house lid. He shall live a man forbid. (I, iii, 19-22). For the witches the inability to sleep is symbolic of a tormented soul. The man who cannot sleep lives in chaos, night is day and day is night. To the characters in Macbeth sleep is the, chief nourisher in life's feast (II, ii, 48) without it one becomes mad. Characters invoke the word sleep as a symbol of order. But in the play sleep is also a complicated term because it represents a character's control over their lives. When characters cannot control their sleeping habits they have entered into the realm of chaos where the fires burn and the cauldrons bubble. Macbeth, his arms soaked in blood after murdering Duncan turns to Lady Macbeth. Surprisingly some of his first words to Lady Macbeth are, Macbeth does murder sleep,' the innocent sleep,/ Sleep that knits up the ravelled sleave of care, (II, ii, 44-45). Macbeth's first admonition that his decision to murder Duncan has destroyed him, is his recognition that he will no longer be able to sleep. Racked by guilt Macbeth instantly recognizes that the order around him is turned upside down. Macbeth's rule is of darkness for Scotland and inner turmoil for himself. Ross speaking to an old man describes Macbeth's Scotland by saying, Is it night's predominance, or the day's shame,/ That darkness does the face of earth entomb,(II, iv, 9-10). Macbeth, like the owl, both hunts and rules by the shadow of night. And like the owl he cannot sleep at night. He is a creature of chaos. Lady Macbeth as she is eaten up by guilt and goes mad is robbed of the ability to control her sleeping habits. She is robbed not like Macbeth of the ability to sleep but the ability to stay awake. Lady Macbeth lives in a surreal world where she writes, washes, and walks all in a fast sleep. The doctor who attends her before her death describes it by saying: I have seen her rise from her bed, throw her nightgown upon her, unlock her closet, take forth paper, fold it, write upon it, read it, afterwards seal it, and again return to bed. Yet all this while in a most fast sleep. (V, i, 4-7). The use of the word sleep to describe Lady Macbeth's actions is fascinating for Lady Macbeth before her death is not really sleeping as much as living in a hallucination state. The fact that her altered state is referred to as sleeping is not really true to the definition of sleep. Sleep is usually defined as a time for the body to rejuvenate. But Lady Macbeth was not in a state of rejuvenation when she slept. To her sleep was the torment that being awake was to Macbeth. Lady Macbeth's sleep is representative of the portrayal of a woman's place in the play Macbeth. As a woman her guilty conscience makes her sleep. Her madness makes her benign. Lady Macbeth is the prototype of the madwoman in the attic who lives in a state of semi-sleep, mumbling to herself, and washing her hands. She poses no threat to anyone but herself. Her madness makes her less dangerous then when she was in control of her senses. In contrast the inner chaos of Macbeth causes him to be awake. His madness makes him

Team Performance Reports Improve Team Productivity With CoSchedule

Team Performance Reports Improve Team Productivity With Tracking your teams performance can be†¦ well, challenging, to say the least. With multiple moving pieces Varying project timelinesand deadlines quickly approaching Consistent thoughts can include (but definitely not limited to) the following: â€Å"Are we completing all assigned tasks?† â€Å"Is my team overworked? Or worse, do they have enough work to do?† â€Å"Are we going to be late with a piece of content?† â€Å"Is an item going to be completedat all?† â€Å"How many tasks are overdue?† â€Å"Is an item going to get missed because I wasn’t tracking and supporting my team properly?† Yikes. With everything you have to keep track of already, you can hardly take the time to collect, measure, and analyze data about your team. So the bigger question from all of this is†¦ how can you fix + remediate any issues  if you can’t SEE how your team is performing? I mean as long as blog posts / emails / social media / etc. get out the dooryou’re good, right? Or at leastyou’re good for the meantime. BUT†¦ wouldn’t it be amazing if you could actually see your team’s performance? For instance, a nice gauge of all the items you worked on last month or a comprehensive list of completed, open, and overdue tasks? What if you saw a nice ‘ole 100% completion rate? And some correlating  GRAPHS 🠤“ †¦ created with data that came STRAIGHT FROM YOUR CALENDAR. Too good to be true? Think again :) Introducing  Team Performance Reports from . Gain insight into your team’s overall progress in one powerful report. Pinpoint areas of improvement, spot trends, and set realistic goals for your entire team (without all the tedious data collection). It’s going to make tracking your team much easier†¦ AND allow you the time to make adjustments so you can improve your team’s overall productivity. *GASP* Basically what I am saying is, it’s going to be pretty awesome. Gain Powerful Insight Into Your Team’s Overall Progress  In One Report Chasing down projects and tasks and deadlines is hard enough†¦ so adding another checklist item (like tracking down data and creating reports) when you are already swamped probably  isn’t going to happen. But with Team Performance Reports, we’ve made it easy for you to gain powerful insight into your team’s overall progress in one report, so you can focus on driving productivity and meeting your deadlines NOT scouring the calendar for project updates. It’s about saving you time, so you can focus on the things that matter (like your awesome content plan, of course). Now, let’s dive into how you can start making Team Performance Reports work for you. How to Get Started With Team Performance Reports To get started with Team Performance Reports, head to your Analytics tab on the left side of your calendar and select â€Å"Team Performance.† Your screen will look a little something like this: (!!!!) First,  specify your date range. From there, you can filter by person or project (read on for more details about this), view your overall completion rate and ultimately, grasp the productivity and progress of anything + everything you want to track within your calendar. *fist pump* Now, let’s talk about the SWEET completion rateand because you love data just as much as we do (#nerd), here is a quick explanation of how we get that number: Tasks Completed On Time: Tasks completed within your specified date range that are completed on or before the due date. Tasks Completed Past Due:  All the tasks due in a date range that are completed after the due date, and any tasks that were completed in the specific report date range that were overdue in a previous date range. Overdue Tasks:  Any tasks in the report date range that were not complete before or on the due date AND not completed before the end of the report date range. Basically, you’re going to be a TASK MASTER. #boom

Web 2.0 And Enterprise 2.0 Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Web 2.0 And Enterprise 2.0 Concepts - Essay Example The report then shifts its focus to the potential advantages and disadvantages that organizations employing these concepts might experience. The tools and platforms that apply Web 2.0 and Enterprise 2.0 like blogs and wikis are discussed in the next section before conclusion and recommendation is made. History of Web 2.0 and Enterprise 2.0 Concepts Today, it is hard to imagine that the concepts of web 2.0 and enterprise 2.0 concepts have been in existence for less than two decades. Official use of the term ‘Web 2.0’ can be traced back in 2004 when it was used in a discussion on potential future conference about the Web by Dale Dougherty (Anderson 5). Through use of the term, the team sought to capture the sense that even with the boom of dot-com and consequent bust, the Web was at the time still playing a key role due to continued new and exciting sites and applications that were popping up at a surprisingly regular periods (O’Reilly 1). On the other hand, enterpr ise 2.0 is the conception of using different services and tools that apply Web 2.0 technology including ratings, RSS, networking and sharing in the perspective of the enterprise. "Enterprise 2.0" as a new term in computing was created by Andrew McAfee of Harvard Business School (Lennon 1). Additionally, as part of Enterprise 2.0, it is common for most organizations in the world to include corporate blog publications on their Web sites. Such organizations then invite their clients and potential customers to post comments and discuss the published content. Likewise, many corporations are making enterprise wikis that are viewed and it is also possible for anyone to edit (McAfee 1). There is an intertwined relationship between Web 2.0 and Enterprise 2.0. The two models are not the same but are two concepts built on related foundations. Ideally, Web 2.0 labels the shift in computer application from singular and static media to a more community-oriented interactive and dynamic social medi a (Lennon 2). Lennon exemplifies this shift through the popularity of that blogosphere gas experienced in the past few years. Further the author defends this view by highlighting the fact that blogs have existed for a longer time than the term Web 2.0, but that these blogs are one of the best examples of what Web 2.0 is all about. Prior to blogs, people used to publish static pages personal Web sites. Such information did not provide for interactions between people which led to information becoming dated and useless in a short time. Then came the connection between Web 2.0 and blogging platforms that includes Moveable Type, Word Press, and Blogger that has the allowance for creation of, first, pages for biographical information that can be updated easily, and second, posts for writing articles and expressing opinions (Lennon 2). According to Lennon, Enterprise 2.0 vision of blogging is slightly different from that of Web 2.0. The author opines that corporate blogs are usually multi- user that includes multiple writers and contributors, or a platform having many different blogs, that are each owned by different individuals in the organization. Additionally, corporate blogging is not necessarily an extension of concept that was available before. Previously, companies posted employee bios on their Web sites yet were often not managed by the employees of the company. Thus, Blogging as we know it today is an avenue for employees to express their views on the goods and services that they are still working on and also interacting with the public on new ideas to make these goods and services better (3) Advantages of Appling Web 2.0 and Enterprise 2.0Concepts into Organizational Practice Web 2.0 and Enter

Stalins Leadership in World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Stalins Leadership in World War II - Essay Example The second half of the 1930s saw the continuous campaign launched by Stalin to eliminate all those whom had - or at least were suspected to have - reservations about the political regime. The campaign that would become known as the Great Purge touched off immediately assassination of Sergey Kirov, a highly popular member of the Communist Party. Stalin responded to the assassination with a series of fierce actions. Mere distrust of Stalin or his confidants or anonymous information was used to send the suspect to the forced-labor camps or execute. The Soviet political militia, also known as NKVD, was given practically unrestricted powers, and during only two years from 1937 to 1938, the NKVD led by Nikolay Yezhov executed approximately 1 million of Soviet citizens with another 2 million were sent to the camps and eventually died (Ellman 2002). Several trumped-up trials that took place between 1936 and 1938 led to elimination of thousands of once prominent, influential and highly experienced leaders. The list of victims included such outstanding figures as Zinovyev, Bukharin, and Rykov whom were executed on concocted charges of conspiring with Germany and Japan. Another process held in 1937 resulted in almost entire elimination of the military's top-ranking commanders such as Marshal Tukhachevsky: according to the estimates approximately 50 percent of the senior officers had been dismissed (partially executed, partially sent to the camps) before the beginning of the Second World War (Conquest 1990). Evidently, such actions of Stalin who killed or sent to the camps the most experienced and talented managers could hardly be addressed as prudent in the face of inevitable war with Germany. Although Stalin's awareness of the inevitability of the war is subject for intensive debates (Rapoport & Alexeev 1985), it is difficult to imagine that a politician of Stalin's rank and experience could fail to notice the apparent tendency. Even the possibility that Stalin could make the mistake assessing the beginning of war hardly justified such devastating clean-up among the militaries, officials, and political elite of the Soviet Union. Furthermore, a series of conflicts initiated by Stalin in 1939 (Finland) and 1940 (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Romania) clearly demonstrated that the Soviets were confidents of their military power. Ironically, what might be and probably had to be perceived as imprudence by the absolute majority of Stalin's contemporaries only adds validity to the claims of those whom give credence to his personal leadership during the World War praising Stalin as the leader and tactician of the highest order. The fact is that in absence of other leaders of note whom had been dismissed, imprisoned or executed during the Great Purge Stalin was forced to make decisions almost solely on his own: even those innumerous specialists whom successfully made it through the terror of 1937-1938 had the illustrative example of what Stalin did to

Symbolism in Shakespeares Works

Symbolism in Shakespeares Works Friar Lawrence remarks that every plant, herb, and stone has its own special properties, and that nothing exists in nature that cannot be put to both good and bad uses(Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008). Later on, Friar Lawrences words prove to be correct. The sleeping potion he gives Juliet is made not to make her die but only appear to be dead, but through circumstances beyond the Friars control, the potion does result in Romeos suicide. From this example, we can see that human beings tend to cause death even if they dont intend on doing so. Similarly, Romeo blames society for the apothecarys criminal selling of poison. Poison symbolizes human societys proclivity to poison good things and make them deadly, just as the pointless Capulet-Montague feud turns Romeo and Juliets love to poison. After all, this play doesnt have an evil villain, it has people whose good qualities are turned to poison by the world they live in. Thumb-biting: By flicking his thumbnail from behind his upper teeth, Samson begins a fight between the Montagues and Capulets. This is an insulting gesture known as thumb-biting. He only did that because he wants to get into a fight with the Montagues but doesnt want to be accused of triggering the fight by making an insult. Because of his fearfulness, he settles for being annoying rather than being challenging. The thumb-biting here shows how stupid and foolish the whole Capulet/Montague feud is, even as an essentially meaningless gesture, and the foolishness of violence in general. Love: It is symbolized as religious worship. Romeo calls Juliet a saint and implies that hed really like to worship her body. Not only that, but Romeos hand would be blessed if it touched the divine Juliets. Eventually, Juliet picks up on this religion of love conceit (a conceit is just an elaborate metaphor) and declares that Romeo is the god of [her] idolatry(Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008). Sex: The main example of the sex/death connection in the play is when Capulet sees Juliets dead body and says death has lain with (slept with) Juliet: See, there she lies, / Flower as she was, deflowered by him. Death is my son-in-law, death is my heir. Shakespeare scholar Marjorie Garber offers one of the most interesting insights when she notes that even the way that Romeo and Juliet each literally die carries symbolic sexual meaning. Romeo drinks his poison from a goblet, a traditional symbol of female sexuality (womans womb). Juliet, in contrast, stabs herself with Romeos dagger a traditional symbol of male sexuality. Symbolically, Romeo and Juliet combine physical death and sexual climax (Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008). Naturally, sex acts between men and women are supposed to result in the creation of life. Yet, in this play, the opposite happens. Hamlet: Skull : The skull represents death and the afterlife. At the graveyard, Hamlet picks up the skull of Yorick and starts to talk to it; he questions death, and what happens after. He eventually realizes that no matter what kind of life a person may lead, they will all die and end up in the same place after death, as mere dust. He then questions the importance of being important while alive, and the importance of being alive in general(Important symbols, 2012) He talks about how a person like Yorick could end up in the same state as Alexander the Great, when he says, as thus: Alexander died, Alexander was buried, Alexander returneth to dust, the dust is earth, of earth we make loam , and why of that loam, whereto he was converted, might they not stop a beer-barrel Ophelias Flowers: Ophelia has gone mad. She enters the scene with different types of flowers. She gives these flowers to different people, where each type represents something. First, she gives the rosemary to Laertes, which is a symbol of remembrance. She also gives him pansies, as they represent a symbol of thoughts particularly thoughts of love. Although she gives both to Laertes, Ophelia most likely has Hamlet in her mind when she says, Theres rosemary, thats for remembrance; pray you, love, remember; and there is pansies, thats for thoughts. She then gives fennel and columbines to King Claudius. Fennel represents flattery, and columbines represent having no faith in marriage. They were both given to Claudius because of his marriage and betrayal. Then, Ophelia gives daisies to both King Claudius and Queen Gertrude, which represent deceit and lies, because they both lied to the public and betrayed King Hamlet. Finally, violets are a symbol of faith and many people believe Ophelia gives these to Horatio because at this point, he is the only one that she still has faith in. Also, although Ophelia does not realize it, Horatio is the only person Hamlet still trusts and has faith in as well ( Importance of, 2012) Poison : Poison plays a big role in Hamlet. It is a symbol of betrayal, corruption, deceit, revenge and death. Hamlet follows the apparition of his father, King Hamlet, and learns the entire story of how he was killed by Claudius. King Hamlet says,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole/ With juice of cursed hebenon in a vial, /And in the porches of my ears did pourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ . When Claudius kills King Hamlet by pouring poison into his ears, it demonstrates how the need for power can lead to corruption. In this case, the need for power is what made Claudius poison his own brother. Later, when they were planning on killing Hamlet, Laertes and Claudius decide to use poison. When the poison actually comes into play, it ends up killing Queen Gertrude (thus betrayal), and eventually leads to the death of Laertes, King Claudius and Hamlet. In other words this shows how the excessive love of power can lead to negative consequences, this reminds us of the main theme in macbeth Macbeth: Light and darkness: When something bad is going to happen, darkness is brought up. Lady Macbeth, for example, asks thick night to come with the smoke of hell, so her knife might not see the wound it makes in the peacefully sleeping King. The literal darkness Lady Macbeth talks about seems to relate to the evil or dark act she plans to commit. When Lady Macbeth calls for the murderous spirits to prevent heaven from peep[ing] through the blanket of the dark to cry Hold, Hold!' she implies that light (here associated with God, heaven, and goodness) offers protection from evil and is the only thing that could stop her from murdering Duncan. So, it makes sense that when Lady Macbeth descends to madness, she insists on always having a candle or, light with her as if the light might protect her against the evil forces she herself summoned in Act I, scene v. However, the candlelight doesnt seem to have done her any good, for she is too far gone and commits suicide. Interestingly enough, Macbeth responds to the news of Lady Macbeths suicide by proclaiming out, out brief candle. Now, the candles flame has become a like a symbol for her short life and sudden death. Similarly, Banquos torchlight (the one that illuminates him just enough so his murderers can see what theyre doing) is also extinguished the moment hes killed. Also, on the evening when King Duncan is murdered, Lennox reports that the fire in his chimney was mysteriously blown out. Eight kings: When Macbeth visits the witches and demands to know whether or not Banquos heirs will become kings, they summon a vision of eight kings, the last of which holds a mirror that reflects on many more such kings. Macbeth is really unhappy about the fact that these are Banquos heirs. Its important to note that one of the kings in the mirror happens to be holding two orbs and is a symbolic representation of King James I of England (a.k.a. King James VI of Scotland), who traced his derivation back to Banquo. At Jamess coronation ceremony in England (1603), he held two orbs (one representing England and the other representing Scotland). We cant dismiss the fact that King James was a major patron of Shakespeare, and that the Bard here shows his debt of gratitude to the King by exploring his Scottish roots and confirming the derivation of an English king. Bloody daggers and hands: Blood is mentioned a lot in this play. Blood as a result of actual wounds is almost ubiquitous, from the bleeding Captain in the beginning to Macbeths bleeding head at the end. However, its the imagined blood that arguably has the biggest effect as a symbol. When Macbeth considers murdering King Duncan, he sees a floating dagger of the mind that points him in the direction of the sleeping kings room. While Macbeth wonders if his mind is messing with him, the dagger becomes covered in imaginary blood, which anticipates the way that very real daggers will be tainted when Macbeth murders King Duncan. Its still not clear where the images come from. It could be the witches or Macbeths imagination or maybe its Macbeth being tempted to follow or warned not to pursue the hallucination. Eventually, imagined blood starts to symbolize guilt for both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. After he murders Duncan, Macbeth supposes that even Great Neptunes ocean could not wash away his stain of guilt. This is obviously in response to Lady Macbeths command that Macbeth go get some water / and wash this filthy witness from his hands. The idea that water alone couldnt cleanse the pair after such vulgar intentions seems laughable, especially when Lady Macbeth famously curses the imaginary spot of blood she cant seem to wash from her guilty hands. After Macbeth kills his friend Banquo, who returns as a ghost, Macbeth announces that blood will beget blood, and his image of wading in a river of blood sums up the lesson: once youve gone far enough in spilling it, you might just as well keep on going. LADy Macbe th is trying to wash the blood off her hands and even when its washed off the guilt isnt Dead children: You may have noticed this play is filled with dead babies and slain children. The witches throw into their cauldron a finger of birth-strangled babe and then summon an apparition of a bloody child that says Macbeth will not be harmed by any man of woman born. Also, Fleance witnesses his fathers murder before nearly being killed himself, Macbeth kills Young Siward, and also Macduffs young son, his pretty chicken, is called an egg before hes murdered. If we think about it, the play seems fixated on what happens when family lines are extinguished, which is probably what Macbeth has in mind when he orders that his enemies children be killed. His willingness to murder children is a clear sign that hes passed the point of no return. We can trace all of this back to Macbeths anger that Banquos children shall be kings and Macbeths children will not. Recall the way he deplores that, when the witches predicted he would be king, they placed a fruitless crown on his head and a barren scepter in his hands. When Macbeth kills Duncan and takes the crown, Malcolm is denied the due of birth. At the end of the play, order is rebuilt with the promise of Malcolm being crowned as the rightful king. Also, we know that Banquos line will rule for generations to come. So, its rather fitting that, in the end, Macbeth is killed by a man who was untimely ripped from his mothers womb. (Macduff, who turns out to be the guy who is not of woman born. He was delivered through cesarean section, which doesnt count as being born in this play.) In conclusion, we can say that Shakespeare included a lot of symbolism throughout his plays which portrayed Shakespeares life, time period, and messages he wished to get across to his audience. Most of these symbols are timeless, because they represent human nature that is the same in all eras of time. Work cited The Modern Language Review , Vol. 42, No. 1 (Jan., 1947), pp. 9-23 Published by: Modern Humanities Research Association Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3716953 St. Rosemary Educational Institution. Important Symbols in Hamlet. http://schoolworkhelper.net/. St. Rosemary Educational Institution, Last Update: 2012. Web. 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